Concepts and Initiatives for Conflict Resolution in Georgia

The International Center on Conflict and Negotiation (ICCN) provides with its archive and other available materials on conflict resolution possible ways. Among the collection there are concepts and initiatives identified and elaborated by the Civil Society of Georgia submitted to the interested institutions and the Government to discuss and implement all possible steps towards the conflict settlement and resolution.

We do beleave that the whole list of different initiatives will mark the huge work done for conflict peaceful resolution efforts for reaching a sustanable peace.

We would like to express our gratitude to those who responded and provided us with the documents and additional material.

Thank you for your contributions!

A Chronology of Available Materials:

2020 - State Minister's Vision: Georgia's Policy of Peace of 8 Main Objectives, by Thea Akhvlediani, State Minister for Reconciliation and Civil Equality of Georgia.

2018 - “A Step to a Better Future”; Peace Initiative, Facilitation of Trade Across Dividing Lines; The Government of Georgia

2018 - 25 Years of Georgia's Peace Policy (Analysis of 1990s up to 2016 ); Caucasian House;

2018 - The Place of Public Diplomacy in Georgian and Abkhazian Politics, by Vazha Kakabadze. The concept document was published in journal "Matiane", #1-2(27-28), 2019, pp.33-40. (The document was kindly provided by Professor Vazha Kakabadze, June, 2019).

2017 - State Minister's Vision: Georgia's Policy of Peace of 8 Main Objectives, by Ketevan Tsikhelashvili, State Minister for Reconciliation and Civil Equality of Georgia

2017 - "Georgian-Abkhazian Conflict, Reintegration of Approaches to Conflict Resolution and New Vectors for Its Transformation", Ekaterine Gamakharia, Cultural-Humanitarian Fund "Sokhumi". On December 7, 2017, Courtyard Marriott Tbilisi hosted a presentation of the survey of the Fund "Sukhumi". The presentation was attended by representatives of local and international organizations, Embassies, State Institutions, Ombudsman's office, and academic circles. Subsequent discussions were conducted as a continuation of the dialogue for positive transformation of the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict (This information was kindly provided by Ms. Alla Gamakharia, Chairperson, Cultural-Humanitarian Fund "Sokhumi", February, 2019).

2017 - Tragedy of Abkhazia, Georgia: Historical, Political and Legal Aspects, by Jemal Gamakharia, Editor-in-Chief. Chief Consultant - Academician Levan Aleksidze. Editorial Board: Akaki Gasviani, Giorgi Dgebuadze, Murman Kvaratskhelia, Anzor Latsurzinadze, Giorgi Maimmi, Givi Lo Nugzar Mgaloblishvili, Tamar Sarjveladze, Merab Turava, Tamaz Khubua, Tamar Japaridze, Zurab Jguburia, Dazmir Jojua. Reviewer - Anzor Tsotsonava. Editor-publisher - Khvicha Kardava. Technical Editor - Levan Titmeria.

2015 - ‘State Obligations Towards the Rights to Freedom of Movement – Case of Georgia’, by Nina Tsikhistavi-Khutsishvili, International Center on Conflict and Negotiation (ICCN); The concept paper on arguing the rights of inhabitants of Abkhazia and South Ossetia to equally exercise the right to freedom of movement (freedom of travel) – was submitted to the Parliament of Georgian in June 2015 by ICCN. The cover letter was addressing the Temporary Commission of Territorial Integrity of the Parliament of Georgia to organise Parliamentary Hearings on the issue. The Parliament of Georgia organised a joint Hearing of two Committees on 28th of September, 2015. (The record of the meeting).

2015, January - "The Economic Concept of Engagement", Koba Bochorishvili, attorney, member of the Ethics Commission of the Georgian Bar Association (GBA), UN local expert on issues of domestic violence, head of the working group on ratification of the Istanbul Convention and harmonization of national legislation; founder and member of the board of the Association of Law Firms of Georgia (ALFG).

2014, November 11 - New Stage in Georgia-Russia Relations: the Necessity of Forming an Anti-annexation Strategy. The policy brief was prepared by: Sergi Kapanadze, Elene Khoshtaria, Paata Gaprindashvili, Davit Rakviashvili, Nini Jashi, Tamta Lomtadze and Maya Baghaturia. Georgia’s Reforms Associates (GRASS).

2014 - State Minister's Vision on Normalization of Georgia-Abkhazian and Georgian-Ossetian Bilateral Relations, by Paata Zakareishvili, State Minister for Reconciliation and Civil Equality of Georgia. Later in 2018, June 18 the document and the interview with Mr. Paata Zakareishvili was published in JAMnews: “Former Minister is publishing his vision on conflict resolution”. (The material was kindly provided by Mr. Paata Zakareishvili, February, 2019)

2011 - Conflict Transformation Prospects, About the Document, by George Volski. (The documents were kindly provided by Mr. Vakhtang Kolbaia, June, 2019).

2011 - The “Caucasus Dialogue” has contributed to the restoration of the Sukhumi and Tskhinvali archives with the support of the COBERM program (Соnfidence Building Early Response Mechanism: A Joint EU-UNDP Initiative) and the British Embassy in Georgia. Over the years, more than 25,000 digitalized pages of historical documents have been transferred to the Abkhazian and South Ossetian sides. In 2018, the organization published a collection of “Documents of the History of Abkhazia: the 19th and Early 20th Centuries”, by George Anchabadze (Coordinator), Marina Pagava, Iya Tutashvili. The publication includes 109 documents (74 of which are handwritten) from the Central Historical Archive of the National Archives of Georgia, which are divided into the following topics: 1. Wars and conflicts of the XIX century. Post-war device of Abkhazia; 2. Management issues; 3. The estate and land issue; 4. Religion and church; 5. Education issues. The vast majority of these materials are published for the first time, with the exception of a few documents that have long become a bibliographic rarity. 18075 digitalized pages of documents on the history of Abkhazia are posted on the website of the organization. (This information was kindly provided by Ms. Marina Pagava, Caucasus Dialogue, April, 2019).

2011 – The Legal Status of the Autonomous Republics of Georgia: The Past, Present, and the Future, by Nika Chitadze. The Concept was presented at the International Conference “The Main Principles of State and Law" held in Tbilisi on 10th of June 2011. The organizer of the international conference was the David Agmashenebeli University of Georgia (SDASU). (This information was kindly provided by Professor Nika Chitadze, Center of International Studies, February, 2019).

2011 - A More Proactive U.S. Approach to the Georgia Conflicts; by Samuel Charap and Cory Welt; The Center for American Progress.

2011 - A Wide and Informative Dialogue of Conflicts, Security and Peace in Georgia between representative groups and the society in Samegrelo, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Shida Kartli, and Kvemo Kartli Regions. Georgian Young Lawyers Association (GYLA), The Caucasus Institute for Peace, Democracy and Development (CIPDD), Saferworld.

2010 - Initiative of the Georgian Government withRespect to the Peaceful Resolution of the Confl ictin South Ossetia, the President of Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili.

2010 - "Action Plan for Engagement"; Government of Georgia;

2010 - "Engagement Through Cooperation", State Strategy on Occupied Territories; Government of Georgia

2008 - 6-point Plan by Sarkozy-Saakashvili-Medvedev;

2008 - Steinmeier's Peace Plan; Frank-Walter Steinmeier, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Germany,

2008 - The President of Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili addressed Abkhazian andOssetian population with peace initiative.

2007 - Supporting to the Peaceful Resolution of Internal Conflicts of Georgia, by P.Zakareishvili, V. Kolbaia.

"European Neighbourhood Policy and Georgia"; The analysis of indepemndent experts; The Publication of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Georgia, Open Society Georgia Foundation, Cordaid Representation in Georgia.

2007 - "A Sorry" Campaign, The Human Rights Center. A Sorry Campaign has been launched in March 2007. The Campaign as been declared as an anti-war movement according to the authors and initiators of the movement who believe that there is no alternative to the peaceful dialogue. The main goal of the "Sorry" Campaign was to restore confidence among the Georgian and Abkhaz people and break an information vacuum. (This information was kindly provided by Mr. Aleko Tskitishvili, Executive Director, Human Rights Center. April, 2019).

2007 - A Concept of Guaranteed Restoration of Jurisdiction of the Government of Georgia in Abkhazia, by Nodar Natadze. (The document was kindly provided by Mr. Vakhtang Kolbaia, June, 2019).

2006, December 22 - CIS, Russian ‘peacekeeprs' - for conflicts in Georgia, or conflicts - for the long-term functioning of Russian troops. By Nina Tsikhistavi-Khutsishvili. The document was sent to the leaders of political parties of Georgia, government officials and civil society experts. Later, the Paper was published in the journal PEACE TIMES #15, 2007, pp. 18-66.

The Paper critically discusses the UNSC decision to grant a peacekeeping mandate to Russian troops, as well as reviews the various strategic goals and objectives of the Russian "peacekeeers" in Georgia and other countries they're deployed to, and provides recommendations for resolving the conflict.

2006 - The Black Sea Commission on Conflicts: A Concept of the "2-belt Black Sea Security System", by the South Caucasus Institute for Regional Security (SCIRS) and the Black Sea Commission on Conflicts. The publication was supported by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Georgia Office (FES). (The the document was kindly provided by Ms. Ia Tikanadze, Country Director, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) Georgia Office, March, 2019).

2006 - A Key to the Future, by Mr. Sergei Shamba, De Facto Minister of Foreign Affairs of Abkhazia.

On 15th of May, 2006, after 5-year termination the Georgian-Abkhazian Coordination Council meeting held in Tbilisi, Georgia. The Abkhaz Delegation was headed by Mr. Sergei Shamba, who provided the Georgian side with the Abkhazian concept of peace restoration titled: "A Key to the Future".

"A Key to the Future" (Russian).

2005, 27 October - The Peace Plan for Conflict Resolution in South Ossetia. Georgian Prime Minister Zurab Noghaideli presented an action plan at the OSCE Permanent Council meeting in Vienna on October 27. (The document was kindly provided by Ms. Izolda Tigieva, March, 2020).

2005 - A Structure and Competence of the Parliament of Abkhazia, Project. By Temur Chilachava, Lali Gabisonia, Shota Akhalaia. The document was published in 24 Hours Magazine, on 22nd of June, #139 (999), 2005. (The document was kindly provided by Mr. Vakhtang Kolbaia, June, 2019).

2005 - On the Reasons, Dynamics, Ways, and Possible Directions of a Solution to the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict, by: Paata Zakareishvili, Revaz Jorbenadze, Tinatin Khidasheli, Konstantin Kublashvili, Ivliane Khaindrava, George Gogia, Tengiz Shergelashvili, Mikheil Mirziashvili, Lia Toklikashvili, Khatuna Maisashvili, and David Darchiashvili. The Document was discussed on 3rd of August, 2005. The Document contains the report of the discussion as well. The publication of the Document can be reached at the library of the Open Society Georgia Foundation (OSGF). (This information was kindly provided by Mr. Mikheil Mirziashvili, Chairperson, Center for Development and Democracy (CDD), February, 2019).

2005 - The Initiative of The Government of Georgia with Respect to the Peaceful Resolution of the Conflict in South Ossetia; Government of Georgia

2005, April-November - Support to the Conflict Resolution in Abkhazia (Georgia) Through the Use of Economic Instruments; L. Tugushi, V.Khmaladze, D.Bakradze, D.Kirbalidze, Z.Marakvelidze, D.Usupashvili, M.Jibuti. Global Conflict Prevention Pull;

2005, February - Scientists vs Federal Arrangement, by David Muskhelishvili. Discussion about Georgia's administrative-territorial arrangement. Newspaper "The Wole Week, Georgian News", 21st of February, 2005. (The document was kindly provided by Mr. Vakhtang Kolbaia, June, 2019).

2005, February - Never Forget Russian Army When Discussing Abkhazia Status ... - Evaluation of concepts and proposals on Abkhazia Status, by the Public Council under the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia. The results of the meeting were published in the newspaper "Voice of Abkhazia", # 6 (18730), February 18, 2005. (The document was kindly provided by Mr. Vakhtang Kolbaia, June, 2019).

2005, January - 5 Steps Towards Conflict Resolution, by Nina Tsikhistavi-Khutsishvili, The Caucasus Women's Research and Consulting Network (CWN). The document describes the necessity of establishing the State Peace Foundation which will financially support State Peace Programmes through Georgia State Budget. The document provides with the ways how to allocate the special funds for State peace foundation in response to peacebuilding.

24 Hours Magazine, 31 January, #21 (881), 2005.

2005, January - "Concept of Political-Legal Status of the Republic of South Ossetia". Maia Tsaboshvili, (ed.), Georgian-Ossetian Union "Iber-Iron".

The concept was presented on January 27, 2005. Local and international experts and Georgian politicians participated in the presentation. (The document was kindly provided by Ms. Izolda Tigieva, March, 2020).

2005, January - The Iber-Iron Peace Initiative. Georgian-Ossetian Union "Iber-Iron", by Maya Tsaboshvili and Sh. Dzebiashvili (Eds.). (The document was kindly provided by Ms. Izolda Tigieva, March, 2020).

2004, September 21 - Georgia is fully committed to solving conflicts through solely peaceful means, H.E. Mikheil Saakashvili, President of Georgia. On the Occasion of the 59th Session of the UN General Assembly.

2004 - Some Ideas on the Preliminary Measures for Abkhazia Conflict Settlement, by Jemal Gamakharia. (The document was kindly provided by Mr. Vakhtang Kolbaia, June, 2019).

2004 - Kazbegi Declaration

The Kazbegi Declaration was adopted on 28th of June, 2004 in Kazbegi, Georgia. Co-initiator and organizer of the event was the Helsinki Citizens Assembly Georgian National Committee (HCA GNC). Adopted documents were published later in the publication: Pseudo-conflicts and quasi-peacebuilding processes in Caucasus, 2009.

The Kazbegi Declaration. PDF

7 Steps - The Basic Principles of Effective Transformation of Peace Process of Abkhazia and Tskhinvali Conflicts. PDF

5-Floor Model for Abkhazia Conflict. PDF

(This information was kindly provided by Professor Alexander Russetski, Helsinki Citizens Assembly Georgian National Committee (HCA GNC), February, 2019).

2004 - Concept on the Special Status of Abkhazia in the State of Georgia, by a group of experts: Konstantine Kublashvili, Archil Gegeshidze, Ivlian Khaindrava, Paata Zakareishvili; The Concept Document was published in the newspaper 24 Hours on 30th of June, 2004. Newspaper 24 Hours, 30 June, 2004, #153(702). The publication of the Conception was followed with broad discussions for a while: Newspaper 24 Hours, January 12, 2005, # 5 (865). Later in 2007, the book “Answers on Frequently Asked Questions about the Concept on the Special Status of Abkhazia in the State of Georgia” was published in responce to the discussions. Editors: Nino Kalandarishvili, Laurence Broers, Paata Zakareishvili. (The documents were kindly provided by Mr. Paata Zakareishvili, February, 2019)

2004 - Abkhazia Problem Settlement Programme, by People's Party of IDPs of Georgia. (The document was kindly provided by Mr. Vakhtang Kolbaia, June, 2019).

2004 - The Issue of Abkhazia in Official Documents, Legislative and Executive Branches of the Government of Georgia, nternational Organisations,1989-1999, Part III, 2000-2003 . Kolbaia, V., Chakhrakia, T., Gelantia, R., Latsuzbaia, D., et al. (The e-book version was kindly provided by Mr. Teimuraz Chakhrakia, January 2020).

2004 - The issue of Abkhazia in the Parliament of Georgia (2000-2003), Part II. Kolbaia, V., Chakhrakia, T., Gelantia, R., Latsuzbaia, D., et al. (The e-book version was kindly provided by Mr. Teimuraz Chakhrakia, January 2020).

2003 - The Concept of the Settlement of the Abkhazia Conflict, by Alexander Russetski, South Caucasus Regional Security Institute, Helsinki Citizens Assembly. The project was elaborated for submitting to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia and the National Security Council of Georgia for the adjustment of the National Strategy on the settlement of the Abkhazia conflict. January 1, 1993. The Concept Document was later translated into Russian language. (The document was kindly provided by Mr. Ivliane Khaindrava, February, 2019)

2002, December - Constitution of Georgia (Amendments to the Constitution), a Project, by Bakur Gulua, National Consent Hall. (The material was kindly provided by Mr. Vakhtang Kolbaia, June, 2019).

2002, September 22 - To the President of Georgia, H.E. Eduard Shevardnadze, by Aslan Abashidze, Head of Adjara Authonomous Republic. (The material was kindly provided by Mr. Vakhtang Kolbaia, June, 2019)

2002, September 1 - Abkhazia and Georgia - Hard Choices and Bold Measures for Peace, by Inal Kazan, the Abkhaz Alliance, Voice of the Abkhaz Majority.

2002, March 1 - "Open Letter to the Abkhaz Nation", by Inal Kazan, Coalition for Independent Abkhazia, Abkhazia is our Homeland. Later on, in 2003, Mr. Inal Kazan made an Open Letter to the President of Georgia. The "Open Letter to the President of Georgia" was published in the newspaper "24 Hours". 24 September, 2003 # 254 (466). (The material was kindly provided by Mr. Ivliane Khaindrava, February, 2019)

Abkhazia and Georgia - Hard Choices and Bold Measures for Peace, by Inal Kazan, the Abkhaz Alliance, Voice of the Abkhaz Majority. (The document in English Language, and a newspaper publication was kindly provided by Mr. Vakhtang Kolbaia, June, 2019)

2001 - The Principles for Division of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi (Boden Document); by Ambassador Dieter Boden, the UN Secretary-General's Special Representative to Georgia (for the Abkhaz conflict);

2001 - Defining Status of Abkhazia - A Proposal from Fussian Federation.

(The document was kindly provided by Mr. Vakhtang Kolbaia, June, 2019)

2000 - Perspectives for Georgia's Federalisation: Pro et Contra; by V.Keshelava, V.Lortkipanidze, F.Kalandarishvili; East-West Relations Research center, The Institute of Politology of the Academy of Science of Georgia; Friedrich Ebert Foundation.

2000 - A Stability Pact for the Caucasus, by the Task force on the Caucasus, Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS). (The material was kindly provided by Mr. Vakhtang Kolbaia, June, 2019).

2000 - A Status of Autonomous Region of Abkhazia, Project, by Levan Mataradze. Comments and recommendations for the Project, by Raphiel gelantia, 2000. (The material was kindly provided by Mr. Vakhtang Kolbaia, June, 2019).

1999 - Proposals About the Status of Abkhazia: General Provisions, by Giorgi Khubua. (The document was kindly provided by Mr. Ivliane Khaindrava, February, 2019).

1999 - Basic Principles of the Status of Abkhazia for Determination of Georgia's New State Arrangement, by Levan Aleksidze. (The document was kindly provided by Mr. Ivliane Khaindrava, February, 2019).

1999 - Georgia and Abkhazia: Proposals for Constitutional Models, by Viacheslav Chirikba.

The Concept was published in the book: "Federal Practice: Reviewing Alternatives for Georgia and Abkhazia". Eds.: Bruno Coppieters, David Darchiashvili, Natella Akaba. "Ves Mir", Moscow. 1999.

1999 - Some Ideas About Foreign Policy Issues of Georgian-Abkhazian Federation, by Gocha Lortkipanidze.

The Concept was published in the book: "Federal Practice: Reviewing Alternatives for Georgia and Abkhazia". Eds.: Bruno Coppieters, David Darchiashvili, Natella Akaba. "Ves Mir", Moscow. 1999.

1999 - Federal Arrangement of the Country: Information for Reflection, by Victor Lortkipanidze. The author of the book is criticising the unitary views of Georgia and gives preference to the federal arrangement of the country as it has no alternative for Georgia.

1999 - The Nalchik Declaration

Between 17 and 23 May 1999, in Nalchik, North Caucasus, a first meeting of ex-combatants took place. The meeting participants from all Caucasus have discussed a peace restoration and peaceful conflict resolution possibilities. Two documents were adopted during the meeting: The Nalchik Declaration and the Statement.

The information about the meeting was published in the Bulletin "An Alternative to Conflict" #9-10, July-August, 1999. The information about the meeting was published in the newspaper "Apsny" (Аҧсны) as well.

1998 - Basic Principles of Determining Abkhazia Status in United Georgia, The Faction "Abkhazeti" of the Parliament of Georgia. (The material was kindly provided by Mr. Vakhtang Kolbaia, June, 2019).

1998 - The Elbrus Declaration.

Between 19 and 26 July, 1998, in Nalchik, North Caucasus, a seminar on "Building the Caucasian Forum of NGOs for violent conflict prevention and resolution" held. The seminar was a continuation of the Sochi April meeting. The Caucasian Forum was expected to assist a confidence building among peoples of the Caucasus towards peaceful coexistence. About 40 participants signed the Elbrus Declaration and founded the Caucasian Forum of Caucasian NGOs. "What The Elbrus Declaration will Bring Us?" , an interview with Dr.George Khutsishvili was published in the newspaper "Akhali 7 Dge", on 31 July, 1998.

1998 - A Mistake, the Victim of Which has Become a Major Part of Society: Georgian-Abkhazian Problem, by George Khutsishvili. The Problem Solving Scenario Document was published in the newspaper "Kavkasioni" on 27th of April, 1998. The scenario document was translated into Russian and published in "Obshekavkazskaya Gazeta" on 28th of October, 1998. Later, the both language scenarios were re-published in the books: "George Khutsishvili: How to Resolve Conflicts (1991-2005), Book I (Georgian language edition, 150-157 pp.), and Book II (Russian language edition, 84-89 pp.), International Center on Conflict and Negotiation, 2016.

1997 - Conflict in Abkhazia and the Possible Way of Solution: Unity through Separation, by the the Georgia Republican Party. The authors of the idea: Davit Berdzenishvili, Ivliane Khaindrava. On August 5, 1997, the Concept Document was published in the newspaper "Resonance". (The document was kindly provided by Mr. Ivliane Khaindrava, February, 2019)

Conflict in Abkhazia and the Possible Way of Solution: Unity through Separation, by the the Georgia Republican Party.

Annex #2. (The material was kindly provided by Mr. Vakhtang Kolbaia, June, 2019)

1997 - Let's Divide Abkhazia in Half, by Ramaz Klimiashvili. The opinion was published in the newspaper "Georgian Times", January 24-27, 1997. # 5.1997. (The document was kindly provided by Mr. Ivliane Khaindrava, February, 2019)

1996, November - Democratisation of the Processes of Negotiations as a New Concept of Resolution, by Alexander Russetski, Helsinki Citizens Assembly Georgian National Committee (HCA GNC). (The material was kindly provided by Mr. Vakhtang Kolbaia, June, 2019).

1996 - Abkhazia Conflict Settlement Coordination Council Charter (Draft), by Government of Georgia. (The material was kindly provided by Mr. Vakhtang Kolbaia, June, 2019).

1996 - With Regards to the Status of Abkhazia, by The Union of Citizens of Georgia. (The document was kindly provided by Mr. Ivliane Khaindrava, February, 2019)

1995 - The Status of Abkhazia, by Vakhtang Tordia. (The document was kindly provided by Mr. Ivliane Khaindrava, February, 2019)

1993 - The Settlement Principles Concerning the Abkhazian Issue: 1918. Georgian State Historical Archive. The document was published in the newspaper "Svobodnaya Gruzia", February 9, 1993. (The document was kindly provided by Mr. Ivliane Khaindrava, February, 2019)

1993 - The Draft Law on the State-legal Status of Abkhazia in the Republic of Georgia, by the Georgia Republican Party. The authors of the draft law idea: Davit Berdzenishvili, Ivliane Khaindrava. On February 19, 1993, the draft law was published in the newspaper "Georgia". (The document was kindly provided by Mr. Ivliane Khaindrava, February, 2019)

The Draft Law on the State-legal Status of Abkhazia in the Republic of Georgia, by the Georgia Republican Party. Opinion on the Draft Law, by G. Apakidze, 1993; Opinion on the Draft Law by G. Nodia, 1993. (The material was kindly provided by Mr. Vakhtang Kolbaia, June, 2019)

1992 - Agreement between the Republic of Abkhazia and the Republic of Georgia on the Basis of Relations, by Taras Shamba. The Russian language document was published in the newspaper "Abkhazia", # 23, June, 1992. (The document was kindly provided by Mr. Ivliane Khaindrava, February, 2019)

1992 - The State-legal System of Abkhazia in the Republic of Georgia, by Napoleon Meskhia, Jemal Gamakharia, Akaki Gasviani, Kim Jachvliani. The project was published in the newspaper "Republic of Georgia", # 245 (524), 1 December, 1992. Concept project in Russian was published in the newspaper "Svobodnaya Gruzia", March 3, 1993. (The document was kindly provided by Mr. Ivliane Khaindrava, February, 2019)

Suggested APA citation of this page:

Tsikhistavi-Khutsishvili, N. (Ed.). (2014). Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding Historical Archive of Georgia by the International Center on Conflict and Negotiation (ICCN). Retrieved /month, date, year/ from http://iccn.ge/index.php?article_id=291&clang=1